The development of nanotechnology is based on two kinds of promises. On the one hand, the scientific and technological promise claims later progress in nanotechnology, while on the other hand, the economic and social promise gives the hope that nanotechnology will yield or create new markets worth billions of Euros. These expectations help businessmen to obtain the necessary funds from investors and allow scientists to conduct research programs, which will foster innovation. In addition, the different players involved in the nanotechnology research create individual expectations as well. Therefore, the investments should converge in order to shape markets, to allow individual players to invest in complementary products or assets, and to prepare the future.

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Errabi K., Gauthier C., Mangematin V., Large players in the nanogame : major investments or option takers? Technovation Special Issue Abstract